2024
Grüßer L, Bayram B, Ziemann S, Wallqvist J, Wienhold J, Rossaint R, Derwall M, Follmann A. Teleconsultation for preoperative anesthesia evaluation: identifying environmental potentials by life cycle assessment. Telemedicine Journal and e-Health 30:e2050-e2058, 2024
Hawkins A, Moynihan AM, Glassman K, Clarke S. Improving compliance with evidence-based laboratory testing recommendations and monitoring associated patient outcomes. AORN Journal 120:e1-e10, 2024
Le DQ, Burton BN, Tejeda CJ, Jalilian L, Kamdar N. Improvement in adherance to anesthesia preoperative appointment with telemedicine: a retrospective analysis. Cureus 16:e60805, 2024
Richburg CE, Pesavento CM, Vastardis A, Antunez AG, Gavrila V, Cuttitta A, Nathan H, Byrnes ME, Dossett LA. Targets for de-implementation of unnecessary testing before low-risk surgery: a qualitative study. Journal of Surgical Research 293:28-36, 2024
Subramani Y, Querney J, Singh P, Zhang Y, Fochesato LA, Fatima N, Wood N, Nagappa M. Preoperative anesthesia virtual video consultations in a preadmission clinic: quality improvement study. JMIR Perioperative Medicine 7:e57541, 2024
Tayeb B. An audit on surgery cancellation in a teaching hospital. Saudi Journal of Anesthesia 18:40-47, 2024
Turcotte JJ, Brennan JC, Kidd G, Zaidi SN. Predictors of same day cancellation of elective surgery. Journal of Perioperative Practice 34:178-186, 2024
Wongtangman K, Semczuk P, Freda J, Smith RV, Pushparaj V, Beckham D, Aasman B, Rudolph MI, Salloum E, Kiyatkin M, Anand P, Ganz-Lord FA, Himes C, Fassbender P, Eikermann M. The effect of a bundle intervention for ambulatory otorhinolaryngology procedures on same-day case cancellation rate and associated costs. Anaesthesia 79:593-602, 2024
2023
Barbeito A, Raghunathan K, Connolly S, Mariano ER, Blitz J, Stafford RS, Mudumbai S. Barriers to implementation of telehealth pre-anesthesia evaluation visits in the Department of Veterans Affairs. Federal Practitioner 40:210-217a, 2023
Ben Mansour M, Lassioued O, Chakroun S, Slimene A, Ben Youssef S, Ksiaa A, Gahbiche M. Elective surgery cancellations in pediatric surgery: rate and reasons. BMC Pediatrics 23:383, 2023
Bentov N, Shen E, Harchandrai P, Boeker T, Burk M, Bentov I. Process, successes and challenges of building an inpatient preoperative evaluation team. Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management 30:100304, 2023
de la Matta M, Alonso-González M, García-Santigosa M, Arance-García M, Sánchez-Peña J, María Castro-Liñán L, López-Romero JL. Accuracy and comprehensiveness in recording information of a web-based application for preoperative assessment: a prospective observational study. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 38:440-447, 2023
Engel JS, Beckerleg W, Wijeysundera DN, Aucoin S, Leblanc J, Gagne S, Bryson GL, Lalu MM, Wyand A, McIsaac DI. Association of preoperative anaesthesia consultation prior to elective noncardiac surgery with patient and health system outcomes: a population-based study. British Journal of Anaesthesia 131:937-946, 2023
Goth A, Karim HMR, Yunus M, Chakraborty R, Dey S, Bhattacharyya P. Effect of postoperative anesthesiologists’ single visit on patient satisfaction: a hospital-based non-randomized study. Cureus 15:e34518, 2023
Hezkial M, Ward BM, Silbert B, Santamaria JD, Duffy M. Attendance at anaesthetic or perioperative medicine preadmission clinic and the relationship with unplanned ICU and/or HDU admission postoperatively. Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management 30:100301, 2023
Kern D, Bourdaud N, Jaber H, Ezzitouni M, Alacoque X, Larcher C, Sabourdin N, Minville V. Teleconsultation in pediatric anesthesia: First assessment of feasibility, quality, and satisfaction in France. Paediatric Anaesthesia 33:552-561, 2023
Koster KL, Björklund C, Fenner S, Flierler WJ, Laupheimer M, Burri K, Nübling M, Heidegger T. Patient satisfaction with divided anesthesia care. Anaesthesiologie 72:97-105, 2023
Kristoffersen EW, Opsal A, Tveit TO, Fossum M. Knowledge, safety, and teamwork: a qualitative study on the experiences of anaesthesiologists and nurse anaesthetists working in the preanaesthesia assessment clinic. BMC Anesthesiology 22:309, 2023
Laudanski K, Wain J, Pizzini MA. An in-depth analysis of providers and services of cancellation in anesthesia reveals a complex picture after systemic analysis. Healthcare 11:357, 2023
Morau E, Chevallier T, Serrand C, Perin M, Gricourt Y, Cuvillon P. Teleconsultation compared with face-to-face consultation in the context of pre-anesthesia evaluation: TELANESTH, a randomized controlled single-blind non-inferiority study. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 92:111318, 2023
Osuga A, Abe T, Sato H, Goto T. Association between patient satisfaction and preoperative task-shifting from anesthesiologists to perianesthesia nurses: a questionnaire survey study. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 38:421-426, 2023
Smerina M, Dumitrascu AG, Spaulding AC, Manz JW, Chirila RM. Expanding the role of the surgical preoperative evaluation clinic: impact on risk and quality outcome measures. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes 7:462-469, 2023
van Hoorn BT, Tromp DJ, van Rees RCM, van Rossenberg LX, Cazemier HK, van Heijl M, Tromp Meesters RC. Effectiveness of a digital vs face-to-face preoperative assessment: a randomized, noninferiority clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 90:111192, 2023
Vongchaiudomchoke W, Wongcharoen P, Wongyingsinn M. The impact of a preanesthesia assessment clinic on scheduled elective case cancelations at a Thai university hospital. Medicine 102:e34823, 2023
Yokoyama R, Inokuchi R, Shimada K, Ueda H, Tanaka M, Tamiya N. Impact of COVID-19 on pediatric surgery cancellations: a retrospective study. Pediatrics International 65:e15662, 2023
2022
Compère V, Froemer B, Clavier T, Selim J, Burey J, Dureuil B, Gillibert A, Besnier E. Evaluation of the duration of preanesthesia consultation: prospective and multicenter study. Anesthesia and Analgesia 134:496-504, 2022
Jiang W, Carvalho D. COVID-19 effects on operating room cancellations at a pediatric tertiary care hospital: A retrospective cohort study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery 81:104427, 2022
Kinch JS, Isenberg K, Vaughn L, Shultz B, Upperman JS. Strategies for safely maintaining surgical volume during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study. AORN Journal 116:416-424, 2022
Popivanov P, Bampoe S, Tan T, Rafferty P. Development, implementation and evaluation of high-quality virtual preoperative anaesthetic assessment during COVID-19 and beyond: a quality improvement report. BMJ Open Quality 11:e001959, 2022
Tewfik GL, Rodriguez-Aponte C, Zhang K, Ezzat B, Suri P, Chaudhry F. Outcomes and disposition of patients after case cancellation on day of surgery for reasons attributed to medical or anesthetic care: a retrospective cohort analysis. Anesthesia & Analgesia 135:845-854, 2022
Umeno Y, Ishikawa S, Kudoh O, Hayashida M. Effects of the multidisciplinary preoperative clinic on the incidence of elective surgery cancellation. Journal of Medical Systems 46:95, 2022
van den Blink A, Janssen LMJ, Hermanides J, Loer SA, Straat FK, Jssurun EN, Schwarte LA, Schober P. Evaluation of electronic screening in the preoperative process. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 82:110941, 2022
Vikas M, John K, Apruzzese P, Kendall MC, De Oliveira G. Utility of preoperative laboratory testing in ASA 1 & ASA 2 patients undergoing outpatient surgery in the United States. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 76:110580, 2022
Wongtangman K, Azimaraghi O, Freda J, Ganz-Lord F, Shamamian P, Bastien A, Mirhaji P, Himes CP, Rupp S, Green-Lorenzen S, Smith RV, Medrano EM, Anand P, Rego S, Velji S, Eikermann M. Incidence and predictors of case cancellation within 24 h in patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 83:110987, 2022
2021
Aldawoodi NN, Muncey AR, Serdiuk AA, Miller MD, Hanna MM, Laborde JM, Garcia Getting RE. A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing telemedicine evaluation in the PreAnesthesia Testing Clinic at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center. Cancer Control 28:10732748211044347, 2021
Armoeyan M, Aarabi A, Akbari L. The effects of surgery cancellation on patients, families, and staff: a prospective cross-sectional study. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 36:695-701.E2, 2021
Duong WQ, Gabriel V, Rajan G, De Los Santos J, Farzaneh C, Yuen S, Grigorian A, Bernal N. Reduction of same-day inpatient surgical cancellations with preoperative risk satisfaction. Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management 25:100217, 2021
Hofer IS, Cheng D, Grogan T. A retrospective analysis demonstrates that a failure to document key comorbid diseases in the anesthesia preoperative evaluation associates with increased length of stay and mortality. Anesthesia and Analgesia 133:698-706, 2021
Kingery MT, Hoberman A, Baron SL, Gonzalez-Lomas G, Jazrawi LM, Alaia MJ, Strauss EJ. Day-of-surgery video calls and phone calls increase patient satisfaction with outpatient surgery experience: a randomized controlled trial of postoperative communication modalities. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 103:243-250, 2021
Kistler JT, Janakiraman R, Kumar S, Tiwari V. The effect of operational process changes on preoperative patient flow: evidence from field research. Productions and Operations Management 30:1647-1667, 2021
Koh WX, Phelan R, Hopman WM, Engen D. Cancellation of elective surgery: rates, reasons and effect on patient satisfaction. Canadian Journal of Surgery 64:E155-E161, 2021
Koushan M, Wood LC, Greatbanks R. Evaluating factors associated with the cancellation and delay of elective surgical procedures: a systematic review. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 33:mzab092, 2021
Qiu K, Miller K, Dalia AA. Efficiency improvements of non-operating room cardiac anesthesia services. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 35:2592-2597, 2021
Sommer JL, Jacobsohn E, El-Gabalawy R. Impacts of elective surgical cancellations and postponements in Canada. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 68:315-323, 2021
Tsai HW, Huang SW, Hung YL, Hsu YS, Huang CC. Use of the smart lean method to conduct high-quality integrated perioperative management prior to hospitalization. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:13391, 2021
Viftrup A, Dreyer P, Nikolajsen L, Holm A. Surgery cancellation: a scoping review of patients' experiences. Journal of Clinical Nursing 30:357-371, 2021
Wienhold J, Mösch L, Rossaint R, Kemper I, Derwall M, Czaplik M, Follmann A. Teleconsultation for preoperative evaluation during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a technical and medical feasibility study. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 38:1284-1292, 2021
Zhang F, Cui X, Gong R, Zhang C, Liao Z. Key experimental factors of machine learning-based identification of surgery cancellations. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021:6247652, 2021
Zhang K, Rashid-Kolvear M, Waseem R, Englesakis M, Chung F. Virtual preoperative assessment in surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 75:110540, 2021
2020
Abate SM, Chekole YA, Minaye SY, Basu B. Global prevalence and reasons for case cancellation on the intended day of surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Surgery Open 26:55-63, 2020
Abouleish AE, Vinta SR, Shabot SM, Patel NV, Hurwitz EE, Krishnamurthy P, Simon M. Improving agreement of ASA physical status class between pre-anesthesia screening and day of surgery by adding institutional-specific and ASA-approved examples: a quality improvement project. Perioperative Medicine 9:34, 2020
Altun AY, Özer AB, Aksoku BT, Karatepe Ü, Kilinç M, Erhan ÖL, Demirel I, Bolat E. Evaluation of the reasons for the cancellation of elective procedures at level 3 university hospital on the day of surgery. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 35:514-517, 2020
Erekat A, Servis G, Madathil SC, Khasawneh MT. Efficient operating room planning using an ensemble learning approach to predict surgery cancelations. IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering 10:18-32, 2020
Fielding-Singh V, Willingham M, Grogan T, Neelankavil JP. Impact of the addition of examples to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system. Anesthesia & Analgesia 130:e54-e57, 2020
Hajiaghapour K, Sepehri MM, Khasha R. Designing a cost-driven mechanism to reduce cancellation of elective surgeries. Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management 18:100085, 2020
Hallet CO, Lois FJ, Warner DO, Jastrowicz JA, Joris JL, Brichan JF. Short message service as a tool to improve perioperative follow-up of surgical outpatients: a before-after study. Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine 39:799-805, 2020
Kamdar NV, Huverserian A, Jalilian L, Thi W, Duval V, Beck L, Brooker L, Grogan T, Lin A, Cannesson M. Development, implementation, and evaluation of a telemedicine preoperative evaluation initiative at a major academic medical center. Anesthesia and Analgesia 131:1647-1656, 2020
Knuf KM, Manohar CM, Cummings AK. Addressing inter-rater variability in the ASA-PS classification system. Military Medicine 185:e545-e549, 2020
Luo L, Zhang F, Yao Y, Gong R, Fu M, Xiao J. Machine learning for identification of surgeries with high risks of cancellation. Health Informatics Journal 26:141-155, 2020
Mabry C, Perelman S, Kim JT, Blitz JD. Implementation of a preoperative anemia clinic utilizing a minimal staffing model. A & A Practice 14:90-94, 2020
2019
Al Talalwah N, McIltrot KH, Al Ghamdi A. Elective surgical cancellations in a tertiary hospital in the Middle East: quality improvement process. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 34:310-321, 2019
Dawson VJ, Margo J, Blanco N, Munir WM. Reducing cancellations and optimizing surgical scheduling of ophthalmology cases at a Veterans Affairs medical center. The Journal for Healthcare Quality 41:83-90, 2019
Irizarry-Alvarado JM, Lundy M, McKinney B, Ray FA, Reynolds VE, Pai SL. Preoperative evaluation clinic redesign: an initiative to improve access, efficiency, and staff satisfaction. American Journal of Medical Quality 34:348-353, 2019
Leconte D, Beloeil H, Dreano T, Ecoffey C. Post ambulatory discharge follow-up using automated text messaging. Journal of Medical Systems 43:217, 2019
Leite KA, Hobgood T, Hill B, Muckler VC. Reducing preventable surgical cancellations: improving the preoperative anesthesia interview process. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 34:929-937, 2019
Park JY, Park SJ, Ri HS, Choi EJ, Choi YM, Yoon JU. Experience of operating an anesthesia preoperative evaluation clinic in South Korea: An observational study of surgeons' satisfaction. Medicine 98:e17634, 2019
Talalwah NA, McIltrot KH. Cancellation of surgeries: integrative review. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 34:86-96, 2019
Tan AL, Chiew CJ, Wang S, Abdullah HR, Lam SS, Ong ME, Tan HK, Wong TH. Risk factors and reasons for cancellation within 24 h of scheduled elective surgery in an academic medical centre: a cohort study. International Journal of Surgery 66:72-78, 2019
Tan NL, Sestan JR. Efficiency and acceptability of an automated electronic system (DayCOR) compared with a telephone call system, for follow-up of day surgery patients. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 47:242-250, 2019
Turunen E, Miettinen M, Setälä L, Vehviläinen-Julkunen K. Elective surgery cancellations during the time between scheduling and operation. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 34:97-107, 2019
2018
Chang BPM, Arriaga AF, Hassan SM, Kidik P, Hepner DL, Lipsitz SR, Thomas BA, Bader AM, Correll DJ. Improving efficiency in preoperative assessment: A pilot study on visit times for preoperative evaluation. Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management 11:1-9, 2018
Da'ar OB, Al-Mutairi T. How do patient demographics, time-related variables, reasons for cancellation, and clinical procedures affect frequency of same-day operating room surgery cancelation? A maximum likelihood method. BMC Health Services Research 18:454, 2018
Hagaman DH, Ehrenfeld JM, Terekhov M, Kla KM, Hamm J, Brumley M, Wanderer JP. Compliance is contagious: using informatics methods to measure the spread of a documentation standard from a preoperative clinic. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 33:436-443, 2018
Kang E, Gillespie BM, Tobiano G, Chaboyer W. Discharge education delivered to general surgical patients in their management of recovery post discharge: a systematic mixed studies review. International Journal of Nursing Studies 87:1-13, 2018
Luo L, Liu C, Feng L, Zhao S, Gong R. A random forest and simulation approach for scheduling operation rooms: Elective surgery cancelation in a Chinese hospital urology department. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 33:941-966, 2018
Smith BB, Smith MM, Hyder JA, Mauermann WJ, Warner ME, Licatino LK, Barbara DW. Same-day cancellation in ambulatory surgery: A retrospective review at a large academic tertiary referral center. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 41:118-127, 2018
Taylor SK, Andrzejowski JC, Wiles MD, Bland S, Jones GL, Radley SC. A prospective observational study of the impact of an electronic questionnaire (ePAQPO) on the duration of nurse-led preoperative assessment and patient satisfaction. PLoS ONE 13:e0205439, 2018
Turunen E, Miettinen M, Setälä L, Vehviläinen-Julkunen K. The impact of a structured preoperative protocol on day of surgery cancellations. Journal of Clinical Nursing 27:288-305, 2018
Yonekura H, Seto K, Ide K, Kawasaki Y, Tanaka S, Nahara I, Takeda C, Kawakami K. Preoperative blood tests conducted before low-risk surgery in Japan: A retrospective observational study using a nationwide insurance claims database. Anesthesia & Analgesia 126:1633-1640, 2018
2017
Burkle CM, Anderson KA, Xiong Y, Guerra AE, Tschida-Reuter DA. Assessment of the efficiency of language interpreter services in a busy surgical and procedural practice. BMC Health Services Research 17:1-6, 2017
Dahlberg K, Philipsson A, Hagberg L, Jaensson M, Hälleberg-Nyman M, Nilsson U. Cost-effectiveness of a systematic e-assessed follow-up of postoperative recovery after day surgery: a multicenter randomized trial. British Journal of Anaesthesia 119:1039-1046, 2017
Ellis MKM, Treggiari MM, Robertson JM, Rozner MA, Graven PF, Aziz MF, Merkel MJ, Kahl EA, Cohen NA, Stecker EC, Schulman PM. Process improvement initiative for the perioperative management of patients with a cardiovascular implantable electronic device. Anesthesia & Analgesia 125:58-65, 2017
Enneking FK, Radhakrishnan NS, Berg K, Patel S, Wishin JM, Vasilopoulos T. Patient-centered anesthesia triage system predicts ASA physical status. Anesthesia & Analgesia 124:1957-1962, 2017
Epstein RH, Dexter F, Schwenk ES, Witkowski TA.
Bypass of an anesthesiologist-directed preoperative evaluation clinic results in greater first-case tardiness and turnover times.
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 41:112-119, 2017
Howell M, Hood AJ, Jayne DG. Use of a patient completed iPad questionnaire to improve pre-operative assessment. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 31:221-225, 2017
Hurwitz EE, Simon M, Vinta SR, Zehm CF, Shabot SM, Minhajuddin A, Abouleish AE. Adding examples to the ASA-physical status classification improves correct assignment to patients. Anesthesiology 126:614-622, 2017
Lankoandé M, Bonkoungou P, Ki BK, Kaboré AFR, Ouangré E, Savadogo Y, Bougouma CT, Sanou J, Ouedraogo N, Pendeville P. Economic and psychological burden of scheduled surgery cancellation in a sub-Saharan country (Burkina Faso). Southern African Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 23:145-151, 2017
Lee CM, Rodgers C, Oh AK, Muckler VC. Reducing surgery cancellations at a pediatric ambulatory surgery center. AORN Journal 105:384-391, 2017
Manji F, McCarty K, Kurzweil V, Mark E, Rathmell JP, Agarwala AV. Measuring and improving the quality of preprocedural assessments. Anesthesia & Analgesia 124:1846-1854, 2017
Morris AJ, McAvoy J, Dweik D, Ferrigno M, Macario A, Haisjackl M. Cancellation of elective cases in a recently opened, tertiary/quaternary-level hospital in the Middle East. Anesthesia & Analgesia 125:268-271, 2017
Riggs KR, Berger ZD, Makary MA, Bass EB, Chander G. Surgeons’ views on preoperative medical evaluation: a qualitative study. Perioperative Medicine 6:16, 2017
Sim EY, Tan DJA, Abdullah HR. The use of computerized physician order entry with clinical decision support reduces practice variance in ordering preoperative investigations: A retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Medical Informatics 108:29-35, 2017
Vetter TR, Barman J, Hunter JM Jr., Jones KA, Pittet JF. The effect of implementation of preoperative and postoperative care elements of a perioperative surgical home model on outcomes in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty or knee arthroplasty. Anesthesia & Analgesia 124:1450-1458, 2017
Yu K, Xie X, Luo L, Gong R. Contributing factors of elective surgical case cancellation: a retrospective cross-sectional study at a single-site hospital. BMC Surgery 17:100, 2017
2016
Blitz JD, Kendale SM, Jain SK, Cuff GE, Kim JT, Rosenberg AD. Preoperative evaluation clinic visit is associated with decreased risk of in-hospital postoperative mortality. Anesthesiology 125:280-294, 2016
Bowen D, Bader A, Bowen-Weeks K, Canning L, Cheney M, Dello Iacono D. The value of the visit: quantifying the value added from a preoperative assessment. Perioperative Care & Operating Room Management 3:32-38, 2016
Chow VW, Hepner DL, Bader AM. Electronic care coordination from the preoperative clinic. Anesthesia & Analgesia 123:1458-1462, 2016
Fayed A, Elkouny A, Zoughaibi N, Wahabi HA. Elective surgery cancelation on day of surgery: an endless dilemma. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia 10:68-73, 2016
Flaishon R, Groutz A, Weinbroum AA. Professionalism and cordiality are Israeli patients’ expectations and preferences when choosing an anesthesiologist: A pre-anesthesia visit survey. Perioperative Care & Operating Room Management 5:13-19, 2016
Gabriel RA, Wu A, Huang Chuan-Chin, Dutton RP, Urman RD. National incidences and predictors of inefficiencies in perioperative care. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 31:238-246, 2016
Gaucher S, Boutron I, Marchand-Maillet F, Baron G, Douard R, Béthoux JP, AMBUPROG Group Investigators. Assessment of a standardized pre-operative telephone checklist designed to avoid late cancellation of ambulatory surgery: the AMBUPROG multicenter randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 11:e0147194, 2016
Govender D, Villafranca A, Hamlin C, Hiebert B, Parveen D, Jacobsohn E. Appropriateness of language used in patient educational materials from 24 national anesthesiology associations. Anesthesiology 125:1221-1228, 2016
Hawes RH, Andrzejowski JC, Goodhart IM, Berthoud MC, Wiles MD. An evaluation of factors influencing the assessment time in a nurse practitioner-led anaesthetic pre-operative assessment clinic. Anaesthesia 71:273-279, 2016
Kaddoum R, Fadlallah R, Hitti E, El-Jardali F, El Eid G. Causes of cancellations on the day of surgery at a tertiary teaching hospital. BMC Health Services Research 16:259, 2016
Kirkham KR, Wijeysundera DN, Pendrith C, Ng R, Tu JV, Boozary AS, Tepper J, Schull MJ, Levinson W, Bhatia RS. Preoperative laboratory investigations: rates and variability prior to low-risk surgical procedures. Anesthesiology 124:804-814, 2016
Lozada MJ, Nguyen JT, Abouleish A, Prough D, Przkora R. Patient preference for the pre-anesthesia evaluation: telephone versus in-office assessment. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 31:145-148, 2016
Nelson O, Quinn TD, Arriaga AF, Hepner DL, Lipsitz SR, Cooper Z, Gawande AA, Bader AM. A model for better leveraging the point of preoperative assessment: patients and providers look beyond operative indications when making decisions. A & A Case Reports 6:241-248, 2016
Nicholls J, Gaskin PS, Ward J, Areti YK. Guidelines for preoperative investigations for elective surgery at Queen Elizabeth hospital: effects on practices, outcomes, and costs. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 35:176-189, 2016
Pham CT, Gibb CL, Mittinty MN, Fitridge RA, Marshall VR, Karnon JD. A comparison of propensity score-based approaches to health service evaluation: a case study of a preoperative physician-led clinic for high-risk surgical patients. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 22:761-770, 2016
Sobrie O, Lazouni MEA, Mahmoudi S, Mousseau V, Pirlot M. A new decision support model for preanesthetic evaluation. Computer Methods and Programs in BioMedicine 133:183-193, 2016
Stoddard DR, Sebesta JA, Welder MD, Foster AJ, Rush RM. What patients really want: optimizing the military preoperative evaluation clinic. Military Medicine 181:236-242, 2016
Trentman T, Graber RC, Goss DV, Didehban R, Hagstrom SG, Fowl RJ. Identification of appropriate patients for preoperative evaluation: a quality improvement project. Journal of Hospital Administration 5:73-79, 2016
2015
Amaya F, Shimamoto S, Matsuda M, Kageyama K, Sawa T. Preoperative anesthesia clinic in Japan: a nationwide survey of the current practice of preoperative anesthesia assessment. Journal of Anesthesia 29:175-179, 2015
Epstein RH, Dexter F.
Management implications for the perioperative surgical home related to inpatient case cancellations and add-on case scheduling on the day of surgery.
Anesthesia & Analgesia 121:206-218, 2015
Gabriel RA, Skowron M, Carrubba D, Hepner DL, Bader AM. Impact of information technology on preoperative scheduling systems: a pilot study modeling scheduling systems in the preoperative clinic. The Journal of Medical Practice Management 30:2-7, 2015
Kash BA, Cline KM, Timmons S, Roopani R, Miller TR. International comparison of preoperative testing and assessment protocols and best practices to reduce surgical care costs: a systematic literature review. Advances in Health Care Management 17:161-194, 2015
Kaye AD, McDowell JL, Diaz JH, Buras JA, Young AE, Urman RD. Effective strategies in improving operating room case delays and cancellations at an academic medical center. The Journal of Medical Practice Management 30:24-29, 2015
Olson RP, Dhakal IB. Day of surgery cancellation rate after preoperative telephone nurse screening or comprehensive optimization visit. Perioperative Medicine 4:12, 2015
Onuoha OC, Hatch MB, Miano TA, Fleisher LA. The incidence of un-indicated preoperative testing in a tertiary academic ambulatory center: a retrospective cohort study. Perioperative Medicine 4:14, 2015
Singla D, Mangla M. Patient's knowledge and perception of preanesthesia check-up in rural India. Anesthesia, Essays and Researches 9:331-336, 2015
Starnes JR, McEvoy MD, Ehrenfeld JM, Sandberg WS, Wanderer JP. Automated case cancellation review system improves systems-based practice. Journal of Medical Systems 39:134, 2015
Vinagreiro M, Valverde JN, Alves D, Costa M, Gouveia P, Guerreiro E. Walking Clinic in ambulatory surgery--a patient based concept: a Portuguese pioneer project. International Journal of Surgery 18:174-177, 2015
Wanderer JP, Gruss CL, Ehrenfeld JM. Using visual analytics to determine the utilization of preoperative anesthesia assessments. Applied Clinical Informatics 6:629-637, 2015
Wittkugel E, Varughese A. Development of a nurse-assisted preanesthesia evaluation program for pediatric outpatient anesthesia. Paediatric Anaesthesia 25:719-726, 2015
2014
Chang JH, Chen KW, Chen KB, Poon KS, Liu SK. Case review analysis of operating room decisions to cancel surgery. BMC Surgery 14:47, 2014
Dexter F, Maxbauer T, Carole Stout, Laura Archbold, Epstein RH.
Relative influence on total cancelled operating room time from patients who are inpatients or outpatients preoperatively.
Anesthesia & Analgesia 118:1072-1080, 2014
Hovlid E, Bukve O. A qualitative study of contextual factors' impact on measures to reduce surgery cancellations. BMC Health Services Research 14:215, 2014
Morrice DJ, Wang D, Bard JF, Leykum LK, Noorily S, Veerapaneni P. A patient-centered surgical home to improve outpatient surgical processes of care and outcomes. IIE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering 4:119-134, 2014
2013
Cousland Z, Shelton C, O'Mahony F. Training tomorrow's doctors in the preoperative clinic. The Clinical Teacher 10:190-194, 2013
Dexter F, Ahn HS, Epstein RH.
Choosing which practitioner sees the next patient in the preanesthesia evaluation clinic based on the relative speeds of the practitioner.
Anesthesia & Analgesia 116:919-923, 2013
Ehrenfeld JM, Dexter F, Rothman BS, Johnson AM, Epstein RH.
Case cancellation rates measured by services differ if based on the number of cases or the number of minutes cancelled.
Anesthesia & Analgesia 117:711-716, 2013
Epstein RH, Dexter F.
Rescheduling of previously cancelled surgical cases does not increase variability in operating room workload when cases are scheduled based on maximizing efficiency of use of operating room time.
Anesthesia & Analgesia 117:995-1002, 2013
Flierler WJ, Nübling M, Kasper J, Heidegger T. Implementation of shared decision making in anaesthesia and its influence on patient satisfaction. Anaesthesia 68:713-722, 2013
Gray TA, West JR, Nadolsky NA. Preanesthesia screening phone messages and rate of return based on the primary language of patient. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing 28:11-15, 2013
Ibrahim GM, Tymianski M, Bernstein M. Priority setting in neurosurgery as exemplified by an everyday challenge. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 40:378-383, 2013
Ludbrook GL, O'Loughlin EJ, Corcoran TB, Grant C. The relationship between patient data and pooled clinical management decisions. Anesthesia and Intensive Care Journal 41:57-65, 2013
Phillips MB, Bendel RE, Crook JE, Diehl NN. Global health implications of preanesthesia medical examination for ophthalmic surgery. Anesthesiology 118:1038-1045, 2013
Puro H, Pakarinen P, Korttila K, Tallgren M. Verbal information about anesthesia before scheduled surgery - contents and patient satisfaction. Patient Education and Counseling 90:367-371, 2013
Thilen SR, Bryson CL, Reid RJ, Wijeysundera DN, Weaver EM, Treggiari MM. Patterns of preoperative consultation and surgical specialty in an integrated healthcare system. Anesthesiology 118:1028-1037, 2013
Varughese AM, Hagerman N, Townsend ME. Using quality improvement methods to optimize resources and maximize productivity in an anesthesia screening and consultation clinic. Paediatric Anaesthesia 23:597-606, 2013
Xue W, Yan Z, Barnett R, Fleisher L, Liu R. Dynamics of elective case cancellation for inpatient and outpatient in an academic center. Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Research 4:314, 2013
2012
Dexter F, Shi P, Epstein RH.
Descriptive study of case scheduling and cancellations within 1 week of the day of surgery.
Anesthesia & Analgesia 115:1188-1195, 2012
Dexter F, Witkowski TA, Epstein RH.
Forecasting preanesthesia clinic appointment duration from the electronic medical record medication list.
Anesthesia & Analgesia 114:670-673, 2012
Fritsch G, Flamm M, Hepner DL, Panisch S, Seer J, Soennichsen A. Abnormal pre-operative tests, pathologic findings of medical history, and their predictive value for perioperative complications. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 56:339-350, 2012
Grant C, Ludbrook G, O'Loughlin E, Corcoran T. An analysis of computer-assisted pre-screening prior to elective surgery. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care 40:297-304, 2012
Hovlid E, Bukve O, Haug K, Aslaksen AB, von Plessen C. A new pathway for elective surgery to reduce cancellation rates. BMC Health Services Research 12:154, 2012
Mata J, Cabrera S, Valldeperas MI, Fernández S, Aguilar JL, Atanassoff PG. A national survey on current practice of preanaesthetic assessment in elective surgery patients in Spain. Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación 59:299-305, 2012
McIntosh B, Cookson G, Jones S. Cancelled surgeries and payment by results in the English National Health Service. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 17:79-86, 2012
Muckler VC, Vacchiano CA, Sanders EG, Wilson JP, Champagne MT. Focused anesthesia interview resource to improve efficiency and quality. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 27:376-384, 2012
Sandberg EH, Sharma R, Sandberg WS. Deficits in retention for verbally presented medical information. Anesthesiology 117:772-779, 2012
Vazirani S, Lankarani-Fard A, Liang LJ, Stelzner M, Asch SM. Perioperative processes and outcomes after implementation of a hospitalist-run preoperative clinic. Journal of Hospital Medicine 7:697-701, 2012
Wijeysundera DN, Austin PC, Beattie WS, Hux JE, Laupacis A. Variation in the practice of preoperative medical consultation for major elective noncardiac surgery: a population-based study. Anesthesiology 116:25-34, 2012
2011
Flamm M, Fritsch G, Seer J, Panisch S, Sönnichsen AC. Non-adherence to guidelines for preoperative testing in a secondary care hospital in Austria: the economic impact of unnecessary and double testing. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 28:867-873, 2011
Kakinuma A, Nagatani H, Otake H, Mizuno J, Nakata Y. The effects of short interactive animation video information on preanesthetic anxiety, knowledge, and interview time: a randomized controlled trial. Anesthesia & Analgesia 112:1314-1318, 2011
Katz RI, Dexter F, Rosenfeld K, Wolfe L, Redmond V, Agarwal D, Salik I, Goldsteen K, Goodman M, Glass PS.
Survey study of anesthesiologists' and surgeons' ordering of unnecessary preoperative laboratory tests.
Anesthesia & Analgesia 112:207-212, 2011
Schuster M, Neumann C, Neumann K, Braun J, Geldner G, Martin J, Spies C, Bauer M; for the CASCAES Study Group. The effect of hospital size and surgical service on case cancellation in elective surgery: results from a prospective multicenter study. Anesthesia & Analgesia 113:578-585, 2011
Soltner C, Giquello JA, Monrigal-Martin C, Beydon L. Continuous care and empathic anaesthesiologist attitude in the preoperative period: impact on patient anxiety and satisfaction. British Journal of Anaesthesia 106:680-686, 2011
2010
Chelly JE, Horne JL, Hudson ME, Williams JP. Factors impacting on-time transfer to the operating room in patients undergoing peripheral nerve blocks in the preoperative area. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 22:115-121, 2010
Edward GM, Preckel B, Martijn BS, Oort FJ, de Haes HC, Hollmann MW. The effects of implementing a new schedule at the preoperative assessment clinic. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 27: 209-213, 2010
Harnett MJ, Correll DJ, Hurwitz S, Bader AM, Hepner DL. Improving efficiency and patient satisfaction in a tertiary teaching hospital preoperative clinic. Anesthesiology 112: 66-72, 2010
Lau HK, Chen TH, Liou CM, Chou MC, Hung WT. Retrospective analysis of surgery postponed or cancelled in the operating room. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 22:237-240, 2010
Schiff JH, Frankenhauser S, Pritsch M, Fornaschon SA, Snyder-Ramos SA, Heal C, Schmidt K, Martin E, Böttiger BW, Motsch J. The Anesthesia Preoperative Evaluation Clinic (APEC): a prospective randomized controlled trial assessing impact on consultation time, direct costs, patient education and satisfaction with anesthesia care. Minerva Anestesiologica 76:491-499, 2010
Trentman TL, Mueller JT, Gray RJ, Pockaj BA, Simula DV. Outpatient surgery performed in an ambulatory surgery center versus a hospital: comparison of perioperative time intervals. American Journal of Surgery 200:64-67, 2010
Tung A, Dexter F, Jakubczyk S, Glick DB.
The limited value of sequencing cases based on their probability of cancellation.
Anesthesia & Analgesia 111:749-756, 2010
van Klei WA, Peelen LM, Kruijswijk JE, van Wolfswinkel L. Feedback system to estimate the quality of outpatient preoperative evaluation records: an analysis of end-user satisfaction. British Journal of Anaesthesia 105:620-626, 2010
2009
Argo JL, Vick CC, Graham LA, Itani KM, Bishop MJ, Hawn MT. Elective surgical case cancellation in the Veterans Health Administration system: identifying areas for improvement. American Journal of Surgery 198: 600-606, 2009
Haana V, Sethuraman K, Stephens L, Rosen H, Meara JG. Case cancellations on the day of surgery: an investigation in an Australian paediatric hospital. ANZ Journal of Surgery 79: 636-640, 2009
Seim AR, Fagerhaug T, Ryen SM, Curran P, Sæther OD, Myhre HO, Sandberg WS. Causes of cancellations on the day of surgery at two major university hospitals. Surgical Innovation 16: 173-180, 2009
Zonderland ME, Boer Fredrik, Boucherie RJ, de Roode A, van Kleef JW. Redesign of a university hospital preanesthesia evaluation clinic using a queuing theory approach. Anesthesia & Analgesia 109: 1612-1621, 2009
2008
Edward GM, Biervliet JD, Hollmann MW, Schlack WS, Preckel B. Comparing the organizational structure of the preoperative assessment clinic at eight university hospitals. Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica 59:33-37, 2008
Edward GM, Das SF, Elkhuizen SG, Bakker PJM, Hontelez JAM, Hollman MW, Preckel B, Lemaire LC. Simulation to analyse planning difficulties at the preoperative assessment clinic. British Journal of Anaesthesia 100:195-202, 2008
Edward GM, de Haes JC, Oort FJ, Lemaire LC, Hollmann MW, Preckel B. Setting priorities for improving the preoperative assessment clinic: the patients' and the professionals' perspective. British Journal of Anaesthesia 100:322-326, 2008
Edward GM, Razzaqt S, de Roode A, Boer'll F, Hollmann MW, Dzoljic M, Lemaire C. Patient flow in the preoperative assessment clinic. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 25:280-286, 2008
Murthy BV, Lake SP, Fisher AC. Evaluation of a decision support system to predict preoperative investigations. British Journal of Anaesthesia 100:315-321, 2008
Salzwedel C, Petersen C, Blanc I, Koch U, Goetz AE, Schuster M. The effect of detailed, video-assisted anesthesia risk education on patient anxiety and the duration of the preanesthetic interview: a randomized controlled trial. Anesthesia & Analgesia 106:202-209, 2008
2007
Edward GM, Lemaire LC, Preckel B, Oort FJ, Bucx MJL, Hollmann MW, de Haes JCJM. Patient experiences with the preoperative assessment clinic (PEPAC): validation of an instrument to measure patient experiences. British Journal of Anaesthesia 99:666-672, 2007
Holt NF, Silverman DG, Prasad R, Dziura J, Ruskin KJ. Preanesthesia clinics, information management, and operating room delays: Results of a survey of practicing anesthesiologists. Anesthesia & Analgesia 104:615-618, 2007
Sanjay P, Dodds A, Miller E, Arumugam PJ, Woodward A. Cancelled elective operations: an observational study from a district general hospital. Journal of Health Organization and Management 21:54-58, 2007
Yang YL, Wang KJ, Chen WH, Chuang KC, Tseng CC, Liu CC. Improved satisfaction of preoperative patients after group video-teaching during interview at preanesthetic evaluation clinic: the experience of a medical center in Taiwan. Acta Anaesthesiologica Taiwanica 45:149-154, 2007
2006
Basson MD, Butler TW, Verma H. Predicting patient nonappearance for surgery as a scheduling strategy to optimize operating room utilization in a Veterans' Administration hospital. Anesthesiology 104; 826-834, 2006
Correll DJ, Bader AM, Hull MW, Hsu C, Tsen LC, Hepner DL. Value of preoperative clinic visits in identifying issues with potential impact on operating room efficiency. Anesthesiology 105:1254-1259, 2006
Hariharan S, Chen D, Merritt-Charles L. Evaluation of the utilization of the preanaesthetic clinics in a university teaching hospital. BMC Health Services Research 6(1):59, 2006
Seidel JE, Beck CA, Pocobelli G, Lemaire JB, Bugar JM, Quan H, Ghali WA. Location of residence associated with the likelihood of patient visit to the preoperative assessment clinic. BMC Health Services Research 6:13, 2006
2005
Dexter F, Marcon E, Epstein RH, Ledolter J.
Validation of statistical methods to compare cancellation rates on the day of surgery.
Anesthesia & Analgesia 101:465-473, 2005
Ferschl MB, Tung A, Sweitzer B, Huo D, Glick DB. Preoperative clinic visits reduce operating room cancellations and delays. Anesthesiology 103:855-859, 2005
Finegan BA, Rashiq S, McAlister FA, O'Connor P. Selective ordering of preoperative investigations by anesthesiologists reduces the number and cost of tests. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 52:575-580, 2005
Schofield WN, Rubin GL, Piza M, Lai YY, Sindhusake D, Fearnside MR, Klineberg PL. Cancellation of operations on the day of intended surgery at a major Australian referral hospital. Medical Journal of Australia 182:612-615, 2005
2004
de Oliveira Filho GR, Schonhorst L. The development and application of an instrument for assessing resident competence during preanesthesia consultation. Anesthesia & Analgesia 99:62-69, 2004
Ferrari LR. Preoperative evaluation of pediatric surgical patients with multisystem considerations. Anesthesia & Analgesia 99:1058-1069, 2004
Hepner DL, Bader AM, Hurwitz S, Gustafson M, Tsen LC. Patient satisfaction with preoperative assessment in a preoperative assessment testing clinic. Anesthesia & Analgesia 98:1099-1105, 2004
Robb WB, O’Sullivan MJ, Brannigan AE, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. Are elective surgical operations cancelled due to increasing medical admissions? Irish Journal of Medical Science 173:129-132, 2004
van Klei WA, Hennis PJ, Moen J, Kalkman CJ, Moons KG. The accuracy of trained nurses in pre-operative health assessment: results of the OPEN study. Anaesthesia 59:971-978, 2004
2003
Rai MR, Pandit JJ. Day of surgery cancellations after nurse-led pre-assessment in an elective surgical centre: the first 2 years. Anaesthesia 58:692-699, 2003
2002
Gibby GL. How preoperative assessment programs can be justified to hospital administration. International Anesthesiology Clinics 40:17-30, 2002
Kinley H, Czoski-Murray C, George S, McCabe C, PrimroseJ, Reilly C, Wood R, Nicolson P, Healy C, Read S, Norman J, Janke E, Alhameed H, Fernades N, Thomas E. Effectiveness of appropriately trained nurses in preoperative assessment: randomized controlled equivalence/non-inferiority trial. BMJ 325(7376):1323-1327, 2002
Tsen LC, Segal S, Pothier M, Hartley LH, Bader AM. The effect of alterations in a preoperative assessment clinic on reducing the number and improving the yield of cardiology consultations. Anesthesia & Analgesia 95:1563-1568, 2002
van Klei WA, Moons KGM, Rutten CLG, Schuurhuis A, Knape JTA, Kalkman CJ, Grobbee DE. The effect of outpatient preoperative evaluation of hospital inpatients on cancellation of surgery and length of hospital stay. Anesthesia & Analgesia 94:644-649, 2002
2000
Parker BM, Tetzlaff JE, Litaker DL, Maurer WG. Redefining the preoperative evaluation process and the role of the anesthesiologist. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 12:350-356, 2000
1999
Dexter F.
Design of appointment systems for preanesthesia evaluation clinics to minimize patient waiting times: a review of computer simulation and patient survey studies.
Anesthesia & Analgesia 89:925-931, 1999
Pollard JB, Olson L. Early outpatient preoperative anesthesia assessment: does it help to reduce operating room cancellations? Anesthesia & Analgesia 89:502-505, 1999
Power LM, Thackray NM. Reduction of preoperative investigations with the introduction of an anaesthetist-led preoperative assessment clinic. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care 27:481-488, 1999
1998
Done ML, Lee A. The use of a video to convey preanesthetic information to patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia 87:531-536, 1998
Gibby GL, Schwab WK. Availability of records in an outpatient preanesthetic evaluation clinic. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 14:385-391, 1998
1997
Gibby GL, Paulus DA, Sirota DJ, Treloar RW, Jackson KI, Gravenstein JS, van der Aa JJ. Computerized pre-anesthetic evaluation results in additional abstracted comorbidity diagnoses. Journal of Clinical Monitoring 13:35-41, 1997
Shearer W, Monagle J, Michaels M. A model of community based, preadmission management for elective surgical patients. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 44:1311-1314, 1997
Starsnic MA, Guarnieri DM, Norris MC. Efficacy and financial benefit of an anesthesiologist-directed university preadmission evaluation center. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 9:299-305, 1997
Tait AR, Voepel-Lewis T, Munro HM, Gutstein HB, Reynolds PI. Cancellation of pediatric outpatient surgery: economic and emotional implications for patients and their families. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 9:213-219, 1997
Tessler MJ, Kleiman SJ, Huberman MM. A “zero tolerance for overtime” increases surgical per case costs. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 44:1036-1041, 1997
1996
Fischer SP. Development and effectiveness of an anesthesia preoperative evaluation clinic in a teaching hospital. Anesthesiology 85:196-206, 1996
Pollard JB, Zboray AL, Mazze RI. Economic benefits attributed to opening a preoperative evaluation clinic for outpatients. Anesthesia & Analgesia 83:407-410, 1996
Zvara DA, Mathes DD, Brooker RF, McKinley AC. Video as a patient teaching tool: does it add to the preoperative anesthetic visit? Anesthesia & Analgesia 82:1065-1068, 1996
1995
Boothe P, Finegan BA. Changing the admission process for elective surgery: an economic analysis. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 42:391-394, 1995
Macarthur AJ, Macarthur C, Bevan JC. Determinants of pediatric day surgery cancellation. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 48:485-489, 1995
1994
Jackson KI, Gibby GL, van der Aa JJ, Arroyo AA, Gravenstein JS. The efficiency of preoperative evaluation: a comparison of computerized and paper recording systems. Journal of Clinical Monitoring 10:189-193, 1994
Lacqua MJ, Evans JT. Cancelled elective surgery: an evaluation. American Surgeon 60:809-811, 1994
1993
Guyuron B, Zarandy S. Causes for cancellation of aesthetic and reconstructive procedures. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 92:662-670, 1993
Livingstone JI, Harvey M, Kitchin N, Shah N, Wastell C. Role of pre-admission clinics in a general surgical unit: a 6-month audit. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 75:211-212, 1993
1992
Conway JB, Goldberg J, Chung F. Preadmission anaesthesia consultation clinic. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 39:1051-1057, 1992
Mangan JL, Walsh C, Kernohan WG, Murphy JS, Mollan RA, McMillen R, Beverland DE. Total joint replacement: implication of cancelled operations for hospital costs and waiting list management. Quality in Health Care 1(1):34-7, 1992
1990
Hand R, Levin P, Stanziola A. The causes of cancelled elective surgery. Quality Assurance & Utilization Review 5:2-6, 1990
Kleinfeldt AS. Preoperative phone calls. Reducing cancellations in pediatric day surgery. AORN Journal 51:1559-1564, 1990